Phantom of words

1. Literal comprehension: This essay is about the value of education. Moti Nissani shows some disadvantages and many advantages of university Education. He says that we have to spend a lot of time and money in university but it yields sweet fruits. We go to university for formal degree. The first and most important benefit of university education gives us awareness about better health. Educated people are healthier, physically and mentally. When we study in university, there is mental exercise and our mind does not rust. Another advantage is that university education broadens our mind and widens our social horizon. In the educated society and country democracy flourishes. Democratic norms and values spread in the educated society. University education makes us intelligent, social, healthier, aware and broadminded citizens. A country needs education manpower for its development. It is fulfilled by university education. Not only that university education gives us opportunity to make many friends, teamwork, friendship, prestige, respect, awareness, co-operation etc. develop and increase because of university education. More than that, such formal education provides us personal and social freedom. Thus, we should go to university to understand ourselves, our responsibility, the meaning of our life and the mystery of the whole universe.

1. Literal comprehension: Richard Wright is the narrator of this essay. He is a Negro boy who is uneducated and unaware in the beginning. One day, he is reading the editorial of newspaper. There, he finds that a white writer named H.L. Mencken is severely criticized by other whites. The writer wants to know the reason of hatred. For this, he wants to read the books written by Mencken. However, the blacks are not allowed to go to library and they are deprived of the library cards. The boy gets two library cards from a kind and gentle Irish Catholic Mr. Falk who gives the boy the cards of his wife. The writer forges the letter himself and obtains two books by Mencken. When he reads these books, he understands why his own people hate Mencken. He has written about the equality between whites and blacks. The more he reads, the more he becomes aware. The boy often goes to the library obtains books and read critically. Then he understands himself his rights freedom and he understands the mystery of the universe. He makes himself different from other blacks. He understands the misery of the blacks and foolishness of the whites. He improves his English, becomes wise and begins to write for the rights and freedom of the blacks.

1. Literal comprehension: Dionysius was tyrannical rule of Sicily. He was powerful, rich and cruel. The people used to him. But he was surrounded by a large number of wise and brilliant advisor or court men. He had also many foolish flatters in his place. Among them, Damocles was famous for flattering the king. He used to tell the king that it was greatest glory of the world to be great king like King Dionysius. One day, the king thought to teach Damocles wise lesson. During a banquet, he offered Damocles to sit on the throne. A first, Damocles was happy and proud of being king. However, when he saw a sharp sword hinging with slender thread over his head, he was shocked and terrified. He immediately wanted to leave the throne but the king told him to sit in the throne till the feast was over. As soon as the feast was over, he willingly left the throne and understood a good lesson that the life of a king is not only joyful and honorable but full of danger.